Micronutrients
B vitamins lower it reliably; the trials found no drop in heart attacks or deaths.
Not yet investigated
B vitamins lower it reliably; the trials found no drop in heart attacks or deaths.
This star is on the map because the show intends to take the question apart properly — the trials, how it is actually tested, whether the thing sold is the thing studied. That work is not done yet, and nothing here should be read as a conclusion. When the investigation is published it will appear on this page.
What we are reading
Gathered for the investigation and not yet written up. Each note says what the paper does and does not show.
Carries the negative result that matters for this node: giving B12 to people with raised homocysteine and cardiovascular disease does NOT reduce myocardial infarction or stroke, and does not alter cognitive decline. Homocysteine is a real marker of B-vitamin status; lowering the number is not the same as lowering the risk it marks. A clean worked example of a surrogate endpoint failing.
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Also in Micronutrients
The letter
The full citation list for each investigation, the studies that didn't make the episode, and any corrections — sent the morning it publishes.
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