Not yet investigated
What we have so far
Rejected for years because nobody expected the answer to be a proton gradient. ATP synthase is a literal rotary motor, turned about a hundred times a second by protons falling through it.
This star is on the map because the show intends to take the question apart properly — the trials, how it is actually tested, whether the thing sold is the thing studied. That work is not done yet, and nothing here should be read as a conclusion. When the investigation is published it will appear on this page.